别在词汇的“红海”挣扎，影象“蓝海”词汇，增强阅读和写作能力。《普通高中英语课程尺度》（2017年版）的词汇表中新增约334个单词（维克多英语的版本是368个）。

这些单词藻用英式英语拼写形式。今天老师给大家整理了这些单词常见的词性、词义，搭配，拓展词汇，希望能为大家的备考助力。

高考英语新课标新增词汇汇总（一）高考英语新课标新增词汇汇总（二）Hhabitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n.（动植物的）生活情况，栖息地natural habitat天然栖息地harmonious /hɑːˈməʊniəs/ adj.（关系）和气的，融洽的；（声音）和谐的，悦耳的【考】harmoniously adv. 和气地，融洽地hence /hens/ adv. 因此；由此 We suspect they are trying to hide something，hence the need for an independent inquiry. 我们怀疑他们在企图隐瞒什么事，因此有须要举行独立观察。highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/v. 突出；强调；使醒目 The report highlights the major problems facing society today. 陈诉特别强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。n. 最好（或最精彩、最激感人心）的部门The highlights of the match will be shown later this evening. 角逐最精彩的片段将于今晚稍后播出。

highly /ˈhaɪli/ adv. 很；很是；高尺度地；高级地 highly successful/skilled/intelligent 十分乐成/熟练/智慧 hike /haɪk/ n. 远足；徒步旅行；（价钱等的）大幅度提高 We could go into town but it was a real hike（= a long way）from here. 我们可以去镇上，但从这里走真的很远。v. 去……远足；做徒步旅行；把（价钱、税率等）大幅提高 strong boots for hiking over rough country 适合在崎岖不平的山路徒步旅行穿的结实靴子【考】take a hike 滚开；走开hike sth. up 拉起，提起（衣服等）historic /hɪˈstɒrɪk/ adj. 历史上著名（或重要）的；可名看重史的a historic building/monument 一座有历史意义的修建/纪念碑household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所屋子的人 Most households now own at least one car. 大多数家庭现在至少有一辆汽车。

the head of the household 户主housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n. [U]（统称，尤指住房类型、价钱、条件）住房，住宅；住房供应 public/private housing 公共/私人住房 the housing shortage 住房短缺 the housing market 住房市场humble /ˈhʌmbl/adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的a modest and humble man一个谦恭的男子v. 使谦卑，使感应自惭You can’t help but be humbled when you enter this cathedral. 进入这座大教堂，你会禁不住感应自己很眇小。【考】in my humble opinion 敝人以为，依我拙见〔诙谐用法〕my humble apologies 是我的错〔诙谐用法〕eat humble pie 认可错误；赔罪致歉humble yourself 作出谦恭的姿态；不耻下问；勇于认错Iideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 完美的；理想的 This beach is ideal for children. 这个海滩是孩子的理想去处。n. [C] 理想；看似完美的思想（或尺度）She found it hard to live up to his high ideals. 她以为很难做到他的高尺度要求。

【参】ideally adv. 完美地；理想地identical /aɪˈdentɪkl/ adj. 完全同样的；相同的 Her dress is almost identical to mine. 她的连衣裙和我的险些一模一样。【参】identically adv. 完全一样地image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n. 形象；印象；画像；雕像 Image is very important in the music world. 在音乐界，小我私家形象很重要。Images of deer and hunters decorate the cave walls. 窟窿壁上装饰有鹿和猎人的画像。

【考】be the image of 酷似；和……很是相像impactn. /ˈɪmpækt/ 庞大影响；强大作用；撞击 the environmental impact of tourism 旅游事业对情况的庞大影响The bomb explodes on impact (= when it hits something). 炸弹受到撞击就爆炸。v. /ɪmˈpækt/（对某事物）有影响，有作用（=affect） The company’s performance was impacted by the high value of the pound. 该公司的业绩受到了英镑高值的打击。imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ v. 含有……的意思；表示；说明；讲明 Are you implying（that） I am wrong? 你的意思是不是说我错了？ The fact that she was here implies a degree of interest. 她加入就说明晰她有一定水平的兴趣。

【参】implication n. 寄义，暗指；可能的影响（或作用、效果）increase v. /ɪnˈkriːs/（使）增长，增多；增加The population has increased from 1.2 million to 1.8 million. 人口已从 120 万增加到了 180 万。n. /ˈɪŋkriːs/ [C，U]增长；增多；增加 an increase in spending 开支的增长【考】increase to 增加到increase by 增加了on the increase 在增加【参】decrease（=reduce）v. 淘汰increasing adj. 渐增的increased adj. 增加的【辨】increase 增加，提高go up 上涨，增加（日常用语，不如increase正式）rise 提高，上升，增加（稍正式，常用于指某事物的水准上升）grow 增长，提高（尤指在一段时间内逐渐增长，用于指数字或数量）incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ adj. 不能相信的；难以置信的（=unbelievable） an incredible story 不行思议的故事individual /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒʊəl/adj. 单独的；个体的We interviewed each individual member of the community. 我们采访了社区中的每个成员。

n. 小我私家donations from private individuals 私人捐赠【参】individualism /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒʊəlɪzəm/ n. [U] 小我私家主义individuality /ˌɪndɪˌvɪdʒʊˈæləti/ n. [U] 个性individualist /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒʊəlɪst/ n. [C] 我行我素的人infection /ɪnˈfekʃn/ n.[U]感染；熏染； [C]（身体某部位的）熏染 to be exposed to infection 袒露于易受熏染的情况 to increase the risk of infection 增加感染的危险 【考】the source of an infection 感染源infer /ɪnˈfɜː(r)/ v. （凭据资料）推断，推定A lot can be inferred from these statistics. 凭据这些统计资料可以推断出许多事情。【考】infer sth. from sth. 从……推断……infer +that从句 推断出……initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ n. [C，U] 倡议；新方案；主动性；努力性 a United Nations peace initiative 团结国的宁静倡议 She did it on her own initiative（= without anyone telling her to do it）. 她是主动这么做的。

inner /ˈɪnə(r)/ adj. 内里的；向内的；心田的 inner London 伦敦市中心区 【考】inner circle 焦点团体sb.’s inner voice 某人的心田思想（感受）【参】outer adj. 外面的；外部的；远离中心的innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ n. [U]（新事物、思想或方法的）缔造；创新；革新an age of technological innovation 技术革新的时代input /ˈɪnpʊt/n. [C，U] 投入资源（指时间、知识、思想等）；投入 Her specialist input to the discussions has been very useful. 她在这些讨论中提供的专家建议很有用。There has been a big input of resources into the project from industry. 工业界对这个项目投入了大量资源。v. 输入（信息） to input text/data/figures into a computer 把文本/数据/数字输入盘算机【用】input的现在分词、已往式、已往分词划分是inputting,input（inputted）,input（inputtedinquire（AmE），enquire（BrE ）/ɪnˈkwaɪə(r)/ v. 询问；探询 I called the station to inquire about train times. 我打电话到车站询问火车时刻。【考】inquire after sb. 向某人问好（或问候）inquire into sth. 观察；核办；盘问inquire sth. of sb. 向某人探询（或询问、相识）insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. [U] 洞察力；意会a writer of great insight 有深刻洞察力的作家 instance /ˈɪnstəns/ n. 例子；事例；实例The report highlights a number of instances of injustice. 这篇报道重点枚举了一些不公正的实例。

v. 举……为例She instanced the first chapter as proof of his skills in constructing scenes. 她以第一章为例证明他构想情节的技巧。【考】for instance（= for example）例如；好比in the first instance 第一；首先integrate /ˈɪntɪgreɪt/ v.（使）合并，成为一体 These programs will integrate with your existing software. 这些法式会和你原有的软件整合起来。【考】integrate…（into/with…）使联合；使融入integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/ n. [U] 老实正直；完整；完好 to behave with integrity 行为体现老实正直 to respect the territorial integrity of the nation 尊重该国的领土完整intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的；悟性强的；智慧的a highly intelligent child很是智慧的孩子 ask an intelligent question 问一个机智的问题【参】intelligently adv. 有才智地；智能地intense /ɪnˈtens/ adj. 很大的；十分强烈的 intense heat/cold/pain 酷热；严寒；剧痛 The president is under intense pressure to resign. 总统蒙受着极重的告退压力。

【参】intensely adv. 十分强烈地 interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/ n. 相互影响，相互作用Price is determined through the interaction of demand and supply. 价钱是通过供需消长决议的。the complex interaction between mind and body 身心之间庞大的相互作用internal /ɪnˈtɜːnl/ adj. 内部的；内里的；体内的 the internal structure of a building 大楼的内部结构 【参】internally adv. 内部地；内里地intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ n. 干预干与，干预government intervention to regulate prices政府介入控制物价investigate /ɪnˈvestɪgeɪt/ v. 查明；观察；侦查The state police are investigating the incident. 州警员正在观察此事。The study investigates the impact of violent TV programming on children. 该研究观察暴力电视节目对儿童的影响。

【参】investigation n. 观察；观察研究investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ n. 投资（的款子）；投资（的工具）make an investment（in sth.）（对某物）举行投资return on an investment 投资的收益The lessons cost me over $500，but I consider them a good investment. 这些课程花了我五百多美元，但我认为这是一笔很好的投资。involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ v. 包罗；需要；牵涉；牵连 Any investment involves an element of risk. 任何投资都有一定的风险。There was a serious incident involving a group of youths. 有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。【考】involve doing sth. 包罗/需要做某事involve sb. doing sth. 包罗/需要某人做某事involve sb. in（doing）sth. 邀请或允许某人到场（做）某事involve oneself in sth. 努力到场某事issue /ˈɪsjuː/n. 重要议题；争论的问题She usually writes about environmental issues. 她通常写情况方面的题材。

Don’t confuse the issue.不要模糊焦点。v. 宣布；宣布；发出；出书；揭晓The police have issued an appeal for witnesses.警方发出了寻找眼见证人的呼吁。

We issue a monthly newsletter. 我们出书一份通讯月刊。【考】issue sb. with sth. =issue sth. to sb. 发给某人某物issue from 来自，从……中来item /ˈaɪtəm/ n. 项目；一件商品（或物品） What’s the next item on the agenda? 议程的下一项是什么？Jjoint /dʒɔɪnt/adj. 团结的；配合的 a joint account 团结账户 The report was a joint effort（= we worked on it together）. 这个陈诉是大家配合努力的效果。n. 枢纽；接合处；接点v. 把……切成带骨的大块肉【考】out of joint 脱臼；杂乱，无秩序journal /ˈdʒɜːn(ə)l/ n. 期刊，杂志；日记，日志（=diary）the British Medical Journal《英国医学杂志》Kkit /kɪt/n. [C，U] 成套工具；成套设备a first-aid kit 一套抢救用品v.（为特定运动而）使某人装备起来They were all kitted out in brand-new ski outfits. 他们配备齐全，包罗全新的滑雪服装。

【考】get one’s kit off 把衣服都脱掉 Llabel /ˈleɪbl/ n. 标签；签条；标志 The washing instructions are on the label. 洗涤说明在标签上。v. 贴标签于；用标签标明We carefully labelled each item with the contents and the date. 我们仔细地把每件物品用标签标明身分和日期。landscape /ˈlændskeɪp/n.（陆上，尤指乡村的）风物，景致the woods and fields that are typical features of the English landscape 具有典型英国风物特征的森林与田野vt. 对……作景观美化；给……作园林美化The area around the mill pond was also been landscaped.磨坊水池周围也作了景观美化。landslide /ˈlæn（d）slaɪd/ n.（山坡或悬崖的）崩塌，塌方，滑坡，地滑Roads were flooded or blocked by landslides. 门路或被淹没，或被山体滑坡阻塞。

laptop /ˈlæplɒp/ n. 膝上型盘算机；便携式电脑launch /lɔːntʃ/ v. ①开始从事，提倡launch a campaign 开始一场运动②使（船，尤指新船）下水 The lifeboat was launched immediately. 那艘救生艇被连忙放下了水。③发射；把（航天器、武器等）发射上天；水中发射to launch a communications satellite 发射通信卫星 n.（航天器的）发射；（船的）下水；（产物的）上市；（事件的）提倡a product launch 产物的投放市场 The official launch date is in May. 正式的刊行日期是在五月。

【考】launch（oneself）into sth.（热情地）开始做，投入launch out 开始从事，投身于leadership /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ n. [U] 向导；向导职位；向导才气a leadership contest 向导职位的角逐 leisure /ˈleʒə，ˈliːʒə/ n. [U] 闲暇；空闲；休闲leisure activities/interests 业余运动/喜好/嗜好【考】at leisure 闲散；悠闲at one’s leisure 有空时；空闲时limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ adj.①有限的；受（……的）限制（~ to sth.） We are doing our best with the limited resources available. 我们正尽最大的努力使用可获得的有限资源。This offer is for a limited period only. 此次减价时间有限。②Limited（书面缩写为Ltd.）有限责任的ABC Company Limited/ABC Co.，Ltd. ABC有限责任公司literally /ˈlɪtərəli/ adv. 按字面；字面上；真正地，确实地The word “planet” literally means “wandering body”. planet 一词字面上的意思是wandering body。

There are literally hundreds of prizes to win.有好几百份奖品可以领。living /ˈlɪvɪŋ/adj. 在世的；活的all living things 所有生物 the finest living pianist 健在的最良好的钢琴家 n. [C，usually sing.] 生计；营生；收入She earns her living as a freelance journalist. 她靠做自由撰稿记者来维持生计。【辨】living与alive 二者均可用形容词，有“在世的；在世的”之意，但用法有区别。

①living多作前置定语。She has no living relatives. 她没有还健在的亲戚。

②alive多作表语、后置定语或补语。Is the dog alive or dead？那条狗在世还是死了？loan /ləʊn/n. [C] 贷款；乞贷to take out/repay a loan（= to borrow money/pay it back）取得/归还贷款v. 借出，贷款 The bank is happy to loan money to small businesses. 银行乐于贷款给小型企业。

【考】loan sth. to sb./loan sb. sth. 借给某人某物location /ləʊˈkeɪʃən/ n. [C] 地方；所在；（影戏的）外景拍摄地 What is the exact location of the ship? 那条船简直切位置在那里？log /lɒɡ/n. 原木；正式记载，日志logs for the fire 烧火用的木料 The captain keeps a log. 船长记航海日志。v. 把……载入正式记载；记载（=record） The police log all phone calls. 警方对所有电话都做了记载。【考】log in/on 登录，注册，进入，登入（盘算机系统）log sb. in/on 让某人登录，使注册，使进入，使登入（盘算机系统）log off/out 退出；注销；登出（盘算机系统）logical /ˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ adj. 一定的；合乎情理的；切合逻辑的It was a logical conclusion from the child’s point of view. 从小孩的看法来看这是个合乎情理的结论。

Computer programming needs someone with a logical mind. 体例盘算机法式需要擅长逻辑思维的人。【参】logically adv. 一定地；切合逻辑地lower /ˈləʊə/ adj. 下面的，下方的the lower deck of a ship 船的下甲板v. 把……放低；淘汰；缩小He had to lower his head to get through the door. 他得低头才气过这道门。He lowered his voice to a whisper. 他压低了声音悄悄地说。

【考】lower oneself by doing sth. 降低身分；自贬人格lunar /ˈluːnə/ adj. [usually before n.] 月球的；月亮的 a lunar eclipse/landscape 月蚀；月球的地貌luxury /ˈlʌkʃəri/ n. [U] 奢侈的享受；奢华Now we’ll be able to live in luxury for the rest of our lives. 如今我们可在有生之年过豪华生活了。luxury goods 奢侈品 Mmaintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v. 维持；保持（=preserve）；维修；坚持意见（=insist）maintain law and order 维持治安 The two countries have always maintained close relations. 这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。The men maintained（that）they were out of the country when the crime was committed. 这几个男子坚持说案发时他们在外洋。

massive /ˈmæsɪv/ adj. 大而重的，厚重的；强大的，强烈的The bell is massive，weighing over 40 tons. 那口钟很是大，有40多吨重。Club members can get a massive discount of ￡50. 俱乐部会员可以有50英镑的大折扣。【参】massively adv. 强大地，强烈地membership /ˈmembəʃɪp/ n. [U] 会员资格；成员资格Who is eligible to apply for membership of the association? 谁有资格申请加入这个协会？a membership card/fee 会员卡/会费military /ˈmɪlɪtərɪ/ adj. 军事的；军队的；武装的military training 军训 military uniform 礼服n. [sing. + sing./pl. v.] 武士；军队；军方The military was/were called in to deal with the riot. 已调来军队敷衍暴乱。

【参】militarily adv. 军事地；军队地millimetre（BrE）million /ˈmɪljən/ num.（plural verb 复数动词） 一百万；大量 a population of half a million 五十万人口 It must be worth a million（= pounds，dollars，etc.） 它一定值一百万。I still have a million things to do. 我另有许多许多的事情要做。【考】look/feel like a million dollars 看上去/感受好极了in a million万里挑一的人（或物）；差别寻常的人（或物）【用】说a，one，two，several，etc. million时，million后面不加-s。

若前面没有数目或数量，可用millions（of ...）。minor /ˈmaɪnə/adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的a minor road 小路n.（law 律）未成年人It is an offence to serve alcohol to minors. 向未成年人提供含酒精的饮料是违法的。v. minor in 辅修（某课程）mission /ˈmɪʃən/ n. [C] 官方使命；代表团；军事行动；太空航行任务 a trade mission to China 赴华商业代表团 The squadron flew on a reconnaissance mission. 这支空军中队执行一项侦察任务。

v. 作艰辛的远程旅行（尤指去许多地方）We had to mission round all the bars until we found him. 我们跑遍了所有的酒吧才找到他。mode /məʊd/ n. [C，U]方式；气势派头；状态 a mode of behaviour 行为模式 environment-friendly modes of transport 环保型的运输模式 to be in holiday mode 处于欢喜的气氛中monthly /ˈmʌnθlɪ/ adj. 每月的；每月一次的 adv. 每个月；每月一次She gets paid monthly. 她按月领薪水。

n.（pl. -ies）月刊the fashion monthlies 时装月刊mood /muːd/ n. [C] 情绪；心情She’s in a good mood today（= happy and friendly）. 她今天心情很好。The mood of the meeting was distinctly pessimistic. 这次集会的气氛显然很灰心。

【考】in a good/bad mood 心情好/坏be/feel in the /no mood for sth. 有意/无意做某事be/feel in the /no mood to do sth. 有意/无意做某事moreover /mɔːrˈəʊvə/ adv.（句子副词）（正式用语）此外；而且 A talented artist，he was，moreover，a writer of some note. 他是一位有才气的艺术家，同时也是颇有名气的作家。【用】意思相当于in addition，what’s more，besides，also等。

mostly /ˈməʊstlɪ/ adv. 主要地；一般地；通常（=mainly） The sauce is mostly cream. 这酱汁主要是奶油。【用】在书面英语中，人们往往更喜欢用generally或for the most part，而不用mostly，因为前两者语气更正式。motion /ˈməʊʃən/n. [U，sing.] 运动；移动；行动（=gesture） Newton’s laws of motion 牛顿的运动定律 At a single motion of his hand，the room fell silent. 他手一挥，屋子里便平静了下来。

v.（以头或手）做行动，示意I motioned to the waiter. 我向侍者打了个手势。He motioned for us to follow him. 他示意我们跟他走。【考】go through the motions（of doing sth.） 做姿态；走过场 set/put sth. in motion 让……动起来 motion to sb.（to do sth.）/（for）sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ v. (often passive) 成为……的念头；激励；引发 He is motivated entirely by self-interest. 他做事完全出于私利。

She’s very good at motivating her students. 她很是擅长激励她的学生。【考】motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事【参】motivated adj. 努力的，主动的motivation n. [C，U] 念头，原因；兴趣 motivational adj. 鼓舞人心的；努力的 motive /ˈməʊtɪv/ n. 念头；原因；目的 There seemed to be no motive for the murder. 这起行刺案看不出有什么念头。

the profit motive（= the desire to make a profit）谋利的念头【参】motiveless adj. 没有念头的mount /maʊnt/v. 准备；摆设（=arrange）；逐步增加（=increase）；登上 mount an exhibition 举行展览 She slowly mounted the steps. 她逐步地爬上台阶。n. 山；山峰；坐骑 Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰【考】mount up（尺寸和数量上）增加，上升multiple /ˈmʌltɪpl/ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的multiple copies of documents 种种文件的大量的副本n.倍数 14，21 and 28 are all multiples of 7. 14、21 和 28 都是 7 的倍数。

muscle /ˈmʌsl/ n. [C，U] 肌肉；体力；权力；威信 to pull/tear/strain a muscle 拉伤/撕裂/扭伤肌肉 He’s an intelligent player but lacks the muscle of older competitors. 他是个智慧的选手，但缺乏老对手的体力。v. muscle in（on sb./sth.）强行干预干与；粗暴干预干与Nnegotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃɪeɪt/ vt. & vi. 协商；谈判We’ve decided to negotiate with the employer about our wage increase. 我们决议就加薪（问题）与雇主谈判。

【考】negotiate with 与……协商（谈判）【参】negotiation n. 协商，谈判nevertheless /ˌnevəðəˈles/ adv. 只管如此；不外；然而（=nonetheless）Our defeat was expected but it was disappointing nevertheless. 我们的失败是意料中的事，只管如此，还是令人失望。Oobjective /əbˈdʒektɪv/ n. 目的；目的（=goal） the main/primary/principal objective 主要/首要/重要目的adj. 客观的；就事论事的an objective analysis/assessment/report 客观的分析/评价/陈诉【参】objectively adv. 客观地 obviously /ˈɒbvɪəslɪ/ adv. 显然，显着地（=clearly）Obviously，we don’t want to spend too much money. 很显着，我们不想花太多的钱。

occasion /əˈkeɪʒən/ n. [C] 某次；……的时候；时机；原因 on this/that occasion 这/那次I’ll speak to him about it if the occasion arises（= if I get a chance）. 有时机的话，我要跟他谈谈这件事。His remark was the occasion of a bitter quarrel. 他的话引起了一场猛烈的争吵。

v. 使发生；造成；导致The decision occasioned us much anxiety. 这个决议让我们忧虑不堪。【考】on occasion(s)偶然；偶然；有时【用】occasion意为“时机”时，常与介词for连用，组成occasion for（doing） sth.；意为“理由；原因”时，后跟动词不定式或介词of或for，组成occasion to do sth.或occasion for/of sth.。odd /ɒd/ adj. 奇怪的；怪异的；偶然泛起的There’s something odd about that man. 谁人人有点儿怪。

He makes the odd mistake—nothing too serious. 他偶然会犯错误，但不怎么严重。【考】the odd man/one out 与其他差别（或合不来）的人（或物）；异类【参】oddness n. [U] 离奇；反常 opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. 对手；竞争者；阻挡者 a political opponent 政敌opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtɪ/ n. 时机；时机（=chance） You’ll have the opportunity to ask any questions in the end. 你们最后将有时机提问任何问题。【考】take the/this opportunity to do sth.使用这个时机做某事land of opportunity充满时机的地方【用】opportunity后面可接动词不定式、介词for或of短语。

option /ˈɒpʃən/ n. 可选择的事物；选择；选择权 I had no option but to（= I had to）ask him to leave. 我别无选择，只有请他脱离。【考】keep/leave your options open保留选择余地【用】option后跟介词of或动词不定式。organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；绿色的 organic cheese/vegetables/wine 有机奶酪、蔬菜、酒 original /əˈrɪdʒənəl/adj. 原来的；起初的；首创的；原作的 The room still has many of its original features. 房间还保留着当初的许多特点。an original thinker 有创意的人n. 原件；正本；原稿Send out the photocopies and keep the original. 寄复印本，保留原件。

【考】in the original 用原著的语言；未经翻译overall /ˈəʊvərɔːl/ adj. 全面的；综合的；总体的the person with overall responsibility for the project 全面卖力本项目的人adv. 全部；总计The company will invest $1.6m overall in new equipment. 这个公司将总计投资160万美元购置新设备。n. 外套；罩衣The lab assistant was wearing a white overall. 实验室助手穿着一件白罩衣。overseas /ˈəʊvəˈsiːz/ adj. 外国的；外洋的 overseas development/markets/trade 外洋生长/市场/商业adv. 在外洋；在外洋（=abroad）to live/work overseas 在外洋生活/事情go overseas 出国Ppanel /ˈpænl/n. [C]（门、墙等上面的）嵌板，镶板，方格板块 One of the glass panels in the front door was cracked. 前门的一块方玻璃破裂了。

v. (usually passive) 镶板（用木或玻璃板等镶嵌或装饰）The walls were panelled in oak. 墙壁镶了橡木饰片。passion /ˈpæʃən/ n. [C，U] 强烈情感；激情；盛怒 She argued her case with considerable passion. 她相当激动地为自己的主张提出论据。

She flies into a passion if anyone even mentions his name. 哪怕是有人提到他的名字，她也会勃然震怒。peak /piːk/ n. (usually sing.) 巅峰；岑岭（=height） Traffic reaches its peak between 8 and 9 in the morning. 上午 8、9 点钟之间是交通岑岭期。v. 到达岑岭；到达最高值Oil production peaked in the early 1980s. 20 世纪 80 年月初期，石油产量到达了最岑岭。

adj.（仅用于名词前）最高度的；岑岭时期的；巅峰状态的 It was a time of peak demand for the product. 那是对该产物需求最旺的时期。perceive /pəˈsiːv/（不用举行时）v.（以某种方式）看待，明白；察觉，注意到Even as a young woman she had been perceived as a future chief executive. 早在年轻时，她就被看作是未来的总裁。Cats are not able to perceive colour. 猫不能分辨颜色。

【考】perceive sth./sb. as sth. 将……明白为；将……视为perceive sth./sb. to be sth. 将……明白为；将……视为personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnælətɪ/ n. [C，U] 性格；个性；魅力；气质 The children all have very different personalities. 孩子们的性格各不相同。We need someone with lots of personality to head the project. 我们需要一位富有魅力的人来主持这个项目。pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ adj.（反义词optimistic）灰心的；灰心主义的They appeared surprisingly pessimistic about their chances of winning. 他们对胜利的可能性显得出奇地灰心。

【考】be pessimistic about sth. 对……灰心【参】pessimistically adv.灰心地phase /feɪz/ n. 阶段；时期the initial/final phase of the project 工程的初始/最后阶段v.分阶段举行；逐步做 the phased withdrawal of troops from the area 从该地域分期逐步地撤军【考】in phase/out of phase（with sth.）协调；不协调phase sth. in 逐步引入；分阶段开始phase sth. out 逐步破除philosophy /fɪˈlɒsəfɪ/ n. [C，U] 哲学；哲学体系；思想体系a professor of philosophy 哲学教授p.m.（P.M.）/ˌpiːˈem/ abbr.下午，午后（源自拉丁文 post meridiem）poetry /ˈpəʊɪtrɪ/ n. [U] 诗集；诗歌；优美的品质 a poetry reading 诗歌朗诵polar/ˈpəʊlə/（仅用于名词前）adj. 极地的；近地极的；南极（或北极）的the polar regions 极区 polish /ˈpɒlɪʃ/n. [U，C] 擦光剂；上光剂 furniture polish 家具上光漆 v. 擦光；磨光；润饰；修改Polish shoes regularly to protect the leather. 要经常擦鞋，以掩护皮革。【考】polish up擦亮；磨光；改善；润色polish off很快做完；迅速吃光【用】polish作不及物动词时，用主动形式表现被动意义。

英语中有部门不及物动词，意为“……起来”，在实际使用历程中用主动形式表现被动意义，且往往后接well，easily等副词。例如，wash（洗起来），sell（卖起来），cook（煮起来），write（写起来），record（录起来）等。pose /pəʊz/v. 造成（威胁、问题等）；引起；摆好姿势 to pose a threat/challenge/danger/risk 组成威胁/挑战/危险/风险 The delegates posed for a group photograph. 代表们摆好姿势准备拍团体照。

n.（为画像、照相等摆的）姿势He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera. 他摆了个悠闲的姿势照相。poster /ˈpəʊstə/ n. 招贴画；海报 election posters 选举海报precisely /prɪˈsaɪslɪ/ adv. 准确地；恰好地（= exactly） They look precisely the same to me. 依我看，他们的长相一模一样。【考】more precisely 更确切地说；更严格地说 prior /ˈpraɪə/ adj.（仅用于名词前）先前的；较早的；优先的 Please give us prior notice if you need an evening meal. 需用晚餐者，请预先通知我们。

She will be unable to attend because of a prior engagement. 因事先有此外摆设，她将不能出席。【考】prior to在……之前priority /praɪˈɒrɪtɪ/ n. [C，U] 优先事项；最重要的事；优先 Education is a top priority. 教育是当务之急。

proceed /prəˈsiːd/ v. 继续做（或从事、举行）We’re not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale. 我们不确定是否还要继续减价促销。【考】proceed against sb. 起诉某人proceed from sth. 由……引起；起因于professional /prəˈfeʃənl/adj. 职业的；专业的professional qualifications/skills 专业资格/技术n. 专门人员；专业人士；专家the terms that doctors and other health professionals use 医师和其他保健专业人员使用的术语【考】seek professional advice 举行专业咨询profile /ˈprəʊfaɪl/ n. 面部的侧影；侧面轮廓；概述；简介 his strong profile 他轮廓清晰的侧影a job/employee profile 事情/雇员简介v. 简要先容；概述；写简介His career is profiled in this month’s journal. 这期月刊概述了他的职业生涯。

【考】a high/low profile高/低姿态proof /pruːf/ n. [U，C] 证据；证明（=evidence） positive proof 确切的证据adj. 能抵御的；能防范的 The sea wall was not proof against the strength of the waves. 防波堤挡不住海浪的气力。v. 给（织物等）做防护处置惩罚proofed canvas 做过防水处置惩罚的帆布property /ˈprɒpətɪ/ n. [U] 所有物；产业；财物intellectual property 知识产权proposal /prəˈpəʊzəl/ n. [C，U] 提议；建议accept/reject a proposal 接受/拒绝一项建议【用】proposal意为“提议；建议”，后可接动词不定式或介词for，但不能接“of +v.-ing”形式。

其后的从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“（should+）动词原形”形式。prospect n. /ˈprɒspekt/[C，U] 可能性；希望；前景；风物There’s a reasonable prospect that his debts will be paid. 有理由相信他会归还债务的。

a delightful prospect of the lake 令人心旷神怡的湖上风景v. /prəˈspekt/ 探矿；勘探 Thousands moved to the area to prospect for gold. 数以千计的人涌入谁人地域淘金。protein /ˈprəʊtiːn/ n. [C，U] 卵白质 essential proteins and vitamins 必不行少的卵白质和维生素 protest /ˈprəʊtest/ n. [U，C] 抗议；抗议书（或行动）；阻挡The announcement raised a storm of protest. 这个声明引起了一场抗议风潮。v. /prəˈtest/ （公然）阻挡；抗议 There’s no use protesting，I won’t change my mind. 抗议没有用，我决不改变主意。

【考】under protest 无奈地；不平气地 pudding /ˈpʊdɪŋ/ (BrE informal pud) n. [U，C]（餐末的）甜食，甜点；（冷、热）布丁pursue /pəˈsjuː/ v. 追求；致力于；执行 to pursue a goal/an aim/an objective 追求目的；贯彻宗旨；实现目的。

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